The Organization of the Retina and Visual System
Ralph Nelson 1. Overview. Ganglion cells are the final output neurons of the vertebrate retina. Ganglion cells collect information about the visual world from bipolar cells and amacrine cells (retinal interneurons). This information is in the form of chemical messages sensed by receptors on the ganglion cell membrane. Transmembrane receptors, in turn, transform …
Helga Kolb 1. Bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells interact in the inner plexiform layer. The axonal endings of bipolar cells bring information from the outer plexiform layer (OPL) to the neuropil of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Here bipolar cells talk to different varieties of functionally specialized amacrine cells and to dendrites of …
Helga Kolb 1. General characteristics. Todays research on the retina focuses a great deal of attention on neurotransmission between the neurons of the retina. Varous techniques using autoradiography, immunocytochemistry and molecular biology are being used to mark neurons for neurochemicals, their synthesizing enzymes, calcium binding proteins and receptors and transporters of these neurochemicals. …
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