The Organization of the Retina and Visual System
Helga Kolb A certain degree of integration of the visual message goes on at the first synapse in the retina, in the outer plexiform layer. Here cone pedicles and rod spherules are synaptic upon various bipolar cell and horizontal cell types. In addition, as mentioned in the previous section, cone pedicles pass electrical messages …
Olaf Strauss 1. Introduction. The simplest light detecting organs are composed of two cell types: the light sensitive photoreceptor cell and the pigmented cell. Both cell types appear in conjunction in every eye of the animal kingdom from insects, mollusca to higher vertebrates [1]. Interactions between both the pigmented cells and the photoreceptor cells are …
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Use/Permissions: For non-commercial, academic purposes, images and content from the chapters portion of Webvision may be used with a non-exclusive rights under a Attribution, Noncommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC) Creative Commons license. Cite Webvision, http://webvision.med.utah.edu/ as the source. About the Authors: Dr. Helga Kolb was born and educated in England receiving B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. …
Helga Kolb 1. Overview. When an ophthalmologist uses an ophthalmoscope to look into your eye he sees the following view of the retina (Fig. 1). In the center of the retina is the optic nerve, a circular to oval white area measuring about 2 x 1.5 mm across. From the center of the optic nerve …
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Helga Kolb 1. General characteristics. Todays research on the retina focuses a great deal of attention on neurotransmission between the neurons of the retina. Varous techniques using autoradiography, immunocytochemistry and molecular biology are being used to mark neurons for neurochemicals, their synthesizing enzymes, calcium binding proteins and receptors and transporters of these neurochemicals. …
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